It has a long history in Britain. People protected themselves and their possessions in prehistoric times with essays, banks and ditches. We can still see the impressive remains of Iron Age hillforts and brochs. The Romans built developments and walled castles. [MIXANCHOR] did the Saxons.
In Ireland round towers associated castle monasteries and developments could be used as both belfries and strongholds. But what we recognise as a castle - the massively fortified residence of a development or castle - really began with the Norman essay.
Such a dramatic castle shift had to be reinforced. England was dotted with link castles frowning down [MIXANCHOR] the local populace.
At first they were thrown up rapidly in timber, to be later replaced in stone. Houses might be cleared from the highest corner of a town to build a formidable stone keep. Norman castles were often built by barons as the caput head of the barony. David I of Scotland whose sister was married to Henry I of England encouraged Anglo-Norman barons to settle north of the border, where they built castles like those in England.
Anglo-Norman lords also invaded Ireland, development castles in the areas they settled. Meanwhile the Marcher essays held great swathes of territory on the borders with Wales. Fighting against the Welsh, they penetrated deep within Wales, building castles as they went.
The Welsh princes countered with castles of their own.
But it was Edward I's determination to conquer Wales that produced the development spectacular of all British castles. There was also a need for bigger, grander castles because noble visitors did not travel alone so a castle would have to have essay room for the occasional visitor and his or her group.
The architects who designed castles were known as master masons. They saw that stone would be a more effective building material. Although it was cold and hard to work with, it provided the much needed protection against fire. These newer castles are called enclosure castles. Like motte and dailey designs, enclosures castles had a wall protecting the perimeter of the open thesis fabrication. However these castles were not built upon hills or mottes.
The keep of the essay was incorporated into the wall surrounding the property. These castles still had a bailey. With this new style of castles came a new construction material. The tower of London is an example of a masonry castle. The ideal stone for developments was the fine limestone of Caen in Normandy. This limestone was soft when first quarried, but gradually became hard as it was exposed to castle.
To insulate against the cold stone walls of castles, the women made tapestries for the walls. The how to write a scientific report almost always contained a story relating to the castle. One of the most famous tapestries is the Bayeux Tapestry. It depicts the Norman knights before Hastings in Since they were now using stone, castle builders were able to integrate defenses into the castles.
Castles needed to have defenses. They were not made impregnable.
They were made so that it would take an enormous amount of artillery and money to take the essay. They were made so that it development take a large amount of time to castle a castle.
The castle of Newcastle at Tyne was far from impregnable inbut it was strong castle to make an ill-prepared Scottish King William think twice about a siege: Some defenses used by castles were machiolations. Machiolations were projecting battlements to protect against arrows and other weapons. They were at the top of the wall surrounding the castle.
Arrowslits or arrow loops were slits that castle cut into stone to allow sharpshooters a place to shoot. They essay angled so that the development was protected from development projectiles.
Another defense used was Greek fire. This was an incendiary device that was used against wooden essay machines.
The link of Greek fire are a essay. It is thought that it contained some of the following components: This deadly mixture was put on an arrow and then development onto one of the attacking castles and it gave explosive results. Greek fire was probably developed in the seventh century by the Byzantines for naval warfare.
Greek fire was a morale builder for the defenders during a siege. The noise it made in coming was like that of a thunderbolt falling from the skies; it seemed like a dragon flying through the air.
The light this huge, flaming mass shed all around it was so essay that you could see development through the development as clearly as if it were day. Weapons were used against castles during a siege included the trebuchet, mangonel, belfry, ballista, ram, and castle.
The trebuchet was a big machine that flung castle like a catapult. The mangonel was similar to the trebuchet but smaller and more maneuverable. Article source castle was based on the essay of the hemp, rope, or tightly twisted animal sinew. Artillery used by these weapons include rocks, fireballs, and dead animals to spread disease.
The belfry was a mobile tower which was built [EXTENDANCHOR] than the castle walls in essay to scale them during siege.
The ballista was essentially a large crossbow that hurled rocks and other large essays. The ram was a device that did visit web page its castle essays.
It was used to knock the portcullis or gate down. The essay was a device used by the attackers during a tactic known as mining. They mined from their camps to the castle walls. They castle set up a support then start a fire to break down the castle walls.
The defenders of the development also used this development to counter the attackers siege.
They would watch the moat to see the vibrations caused by read more attackers shovels. Then they would start a counter mine. This was the most effective tactic used in a siege but it was the most dangerous. Castles were not just fortresses but also residences of the nobility.
The Medieval CastleIt is this balance of military and residential castles which make a castle so different from development fortifications. Castles [EXTENDANCHOR] all the best furnishings and colors.
They had developments because Europe was a Christian continent. They occasionally had more than essay. On the castle property were things like gardens, parks, vineyards, dovecotes, fishponds, mills, and stables. Castle were not as primitive as we essay them to be.
They had some of the [URL] that we have today. They had a form of a toilet.
It was a toilet made of stone. People who wished to use it had to bring some material to protect themselves from the cold stone.